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Satellite Phone
With the evolution of satellite technology to deliver phone, television, radio, internet connectivity and many other services, travellers today are now capable of sending and receiving fast and reliable video, data and audio content regardless of distance from infrastructure. In this article we clearly explain everything you need to know about buying, and using Sat Phones, Sat TV and we discuss where the future may lead in terms of using satellite technology to deliver many other useful services.
Article By: Michelle Jacka Updated: 10 Sep 2008
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Satellite Phone Overview
History of Satellite Communications
Satellite Providers - Handheld
Types of Satellites
Satellite Providers - Non Handheld
Article Feedback
Satellite Future Directions
Related Pages
In this Article
Satellite Phone Overview
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Probably the largest area of satellite usage is the telephone market. Satellite phones have actually been around for quite some time, but up until fairly recently the costs were mostly too restrictive for the casual traveller. These days however, the price of satellite phones has been reduced dramatically as the popularity of them increase. All sat phones allow communication to the standard telephone network ie. direct dial voice, fax and data
communications
from anywhere in
Australia
to almost anywhere in the world. Some sat phones also offer GPS tracking and location facilities.
Sat phones are divided into 3 types: Installed, Laptop and Hand Held. Each have different features and some have different options like fax, data or Internet. Predominately, travellers use hand-held sat phones and so in this article we'll only focus on that option.
Why use a Sat Phone?
It stands to reason, that travellers need a communication system that they can rely on. Since satellite technology has evolved and is now a realistically priced solution for
communications
, there has been a insurgence of the use of satellite phones (satphone) in business, education and recreation. The uptake of satellite technology is most obvious in the tourism sector, with hand-held satellites easy to use, easy to obtain, and providing a reliable, private, communication service to users.
Advantages
Reliability
Smaller and more portable than HF radios
Easier to use (similar to using a mobile phone)
Can be hired (even couried to your door)
No installation required
SMS/data capable
A private communication system
Easy for other people to call you
Disadvantages
Charges apply for each call, as well as an access fee
No access to a specific network of travellers (eg. 4WD Radio Network)
Some satellite carriers do not enable use of 1800 numbers, 000 or access to
Directory
Assistance
Some satellite phones will be given an international phone number (may hinder use by your friends/family to reach you)
Sat phones are best suited to people who wish to enable other people (family/work) to make direct dial voice calls with you whilst you are travelling, Call charges are still a little higher than regular mobile phone charges, however the use of the satellite phone would be limited to essential communication only. Most satphone will have a voice mail box and some have SMS.
One of the most appealing features of the newer satphones is the dual-mode functionalities in some handsets - there are now GSM/Satphones and CDMA/Satphones. This means that you can own one handset that can be both your mobile phone and your satphone. This is particularly useful now that the improvement in mobile coverage Australiawide (particuarly CDMA) means that the emergency phone you rely on when heading into the remote bush is the same as the phone you use for day-to-day social and business use back home.
To Hire or Buy?
You can now pick up a sat phone for as little as $1995 connected to a plan. Most service providers will charge a connection fee (flag fall), a monthly access fee (which may include a certain amount of free calls) and then your call costs. Call costs can vary and are usually lower per minute if you are on a higher month plan (similar to mobile phone plans).
Before buying a satellite phone, check out if you qualify for the Government Subsidy. Applications are open until June 2009. This can save purchasers up to $1100 off the purchase price of buying a satellite phone and this may go down to $1000 in July. For more information on this subsidy please click:
Dept Broadband Communications and Digital Economy (DBCDE)
.
Hiring may be a more cost effective option for some travellers, particularly if you wouldn't use it in your normal course of life and work (although note the comments above, dual-mode handsets that are either GSM/Sat, or CDMA/Sat are available). By hiring, you will only pay the access fee for the time of the hire period and so this is a very flexible option. Hiring your satphone will also mean you benefit from using the latest hand-sets and
accessories
, which hopefully means they are the most reliable and compact. Additionally, if you have hired a satphone and experienced hardware failure (even accidental damage), then a replacement can be organised quickly.
There has been a massive increase in the number of companies now offering sat phones for hire, with many offering short term rental terms, easy pick up/drop off options (many will even courier the phone to your door from any state of
Australia
), standard
accessories
for charging by 12v/240v, external antennas for improved mobile reception etc. These companies will normally have a service arrangement with their preferred satellite provider, which takes away the hassle of working out plans and fees. However, depending on how you use your sat phone (ie. mostly to receiving incoming, or mostly to make outgoing, calls), you may find one service provider is more suited to your needs than another.
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Satellite Providers - Handheld
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Iridium
Iridium is a LEO system that comprises of 66 LEO satellite and is the only provider to offer 100% global coverage of the earth. The Iridium system uses on board switching and inter-satellite links to communicate between satellites, this is called "Cross Linked".
Instead of a user needing to be in a satellite footprint with a ground station like other providers, the Iridium satellite has the ability to transfer a call to another satellite and so on until the call is transferred to the Iridium ground station, which for Australian users is in Tempe USA. This cross linking provides Iridium with Global coverage but also means that there can be a noticeable delay on the call. The main advantage of cross-linking is that you can use the Iridium phone in areas with significant canopy cover. The facilities offered by Iridium include Voice and Data at 2.4kb/s, and Direct Data with compression at 10kb/s.
Nice Features
The Iridium website enables global paging (ie. friend/family uses the website to send text message to the subscribers satellite phone) which are received in 7-15 minutes. Standard emails can also be sent to the phone (limited to 160 characters per message, 5 messages per 10 minutes, and up to 150 messages per month).
Iridium Handsets
These hansets are the Motorola 9500 and the newer model Motorola 9505.
The magnetic mount antenna which improves in-vehicle satellite reception is very useful and can be mounted to the external part of your vehicle (roof or bonnet).
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Telstra Mobile Satellite
This is a new mobile phone solution, which uses unique IridiumTM Satellite technology to deliver a portable voice and data phone service. TMS phones have a domesticated phone number, whilst standard Iridium uses an international number. This makes dialling simpler as no international codes are required. Additionally, you can dial 000, and all 1800 and 1300 numbers from a TMS phone, but not from a pure Iridium. Note - the Royal Flying Doctor Service now use Iridium TMS sat phones in their planes.
Nice features
TMS enables enhanced capability of the Iridium satellite service via a standard Telstra GSM SIM card so SMS, Message Bank, MEMO, Pocket News on Demand can all be accessed via the Iridium handset. Obviously, over time, more products that are available on GSM / CDMA will become available on TMS.
Telstra Mobile Satellite Handsets
These handsets operate on standard Iridium handsets.
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Pivotel Satellite
Pivotel offers a selection of plans, from value plans for casual use through to group plans for businesses. The company offers two network coverage options which include the Iridium network and the Globalstar network.
Pivotel Iridium Network
Pivotel provides the local switching infrastructure for the Iridium network, enabling Iridium users to have Australian mobile numbers, cost-effective call rates and simple local number dialing when making or receiving calls. Pivotel is the first company worldwide to provide local mobile phone numbering on the Iridium network, including services such as voicemail.
Coverage
Pivotel's Iridium satellite coverage is provided by a constellation of 66 Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellites operating at an altitude of 800km. Signals from an Iridium phone are received by the constellation of LEO satellites and then relayed from satellite to satellite to the ground-based gateway in the USA.
The Pivotel service provides users with mobile phone coverage right cross
Australia
and the immediate 200 nautical
miles
off the Australian coast. Outside of the primary Australian coverage zone your Pivotel Iridium service provides full global coverage at Pivotel’s international roaming call rates.
Pivotel Globalstar Network
The Globalstar network has seen some significant improvements with the recent launch of satellites however its network does require a little extra patience as satellite connection delays can occur. Pivotel will remain the exclusive license holder for Globalstar in
Australia
.
Coverage
Globalstar provides quality voice and data
communications
services right across
Australia
and its surrounding waters - out to New Zealand, New Caledonia, and up to 500 nautical
miles
into the Southern & Indian Oceans.
Satellite Providers - Non Handheld
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Optus MobileSat
This is a GEO system that operates through the Optus B series satellites at 180 degrees E on the Equator providing total coverage of
Australia
and at least 200 km out to sea.
MobileSat offers Voice, Fax and Data (including email) at 2.4kb/s. This data rate is very slow in comparison to the data rates available on ADSL and other high speed internet connections available today, however where there is no other means of communication this system can be a lifesaver.The system has separate numbers for Voice, Fax and Data with voice mail and call diversion as standard features. This system is vehicle bound and cannot be easily removed for operation away from the vehicle (although portable case options upwards of $6000 are available).
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Inmarsat
This uses 4 GEO multi-purpose satellites configured in the "bent pipe" system. Between them, the main (global) beams of the satellites provide overlapping coverage of the whole surface of the Earth apart from the poles. It also uses Spot Beams within the overall Global Beams, which work to concentrate extra power in areas of high demand.
Inmarsat have recently introduced a new satellite providing Broadband service everywhere so now high speed internet is possible via satellite even when you're out in the remote bush.
Portable systems now around $2,995. Installed types consist of a large spherical ball which will maintain a lock on the satellites while on the move - mostly used in tour buses and on boats.
Broadband Global Area Network (BGAN) - delivers voice and broadband data mobile
communications
. BGAN enables users to connect via their laptop to the internet at the fastest speeds ever offered. The standard service offers access to the internet at speeds up to 492kbps. It enables you to access e-mail and other applications, browse the Internet and send large file attachments. BGAN also offers an 'on-demand' Streaming IP service at speeds up to 256kbps, and supports ISDN. You can make phone calls at the same time as accessing data applications via a standard desktop phone, custom handset or Bluetooth handset/headset, depending on the BGAN terminal. Voice mail and other standard 3G supplementary services are also available.
Satellite Future Directions
The use of satellites to remote control "assets" anywhere in the world from a computer has revolutionised many businesses. Fleet operators can track their vessels and vehicles via satellite with small terminals relaying information through the internet to desktop applications. Taxi drivers are now more safer with access to email and message services relayed to and from their vehicles via satellite and now, recreational drivers can send and receive information from their vehicles via an internet managed satellite system.
Satellite technology is improving the speed and reliability of sending and receiving all sorts of video, data and audio content regardless of distance from infrastructure, which ultimately means that residents and travellers will find a steady increase in communications/entertainment capabilities regardless of distance from towns or cities.
Broadband by satellite, high speed internet, video conferencing, multicasting, voice over internet protocol, and mobile broadband are all new growth areas where satellite technology is changing our lives in both business and recreation. Mobile broadband is already achievable wherever you can drive a 4WD, which is fantastic news for Australians. Essentially, you can now have any broadband related services at your fingertips simply by installing a small satellite receiver to your vehicle - some receivers will work only whilst stationery, whilst others are being designed for continuous use even whilst travelling at high speeds. The only criteria is a clear line to the satellite(s) used by the service provider.
One of the major drivers of satellite technology is its inherent strength as a broadcast medium. Safety alerts, regional information and other targeted messages could well be sent direct to drivers in their vehicles around the country via satellite multicasting. We can certainly expect to gain access to more reliable information when
on the road
through new services provided by either government or private services using multicasting in the future.
It really does appear that any product coming onto today's market using satellite technology is worth a good look.
History of Satellite Communications
In 1994, Optus launched the MobileSat system that is still used today. Initially, NEC S1 hardware was used, then in 1995 Westinghouse S1000/3000 was launched and currently in use is the NEC S2. Inmarsat Mini-M Service was also launched in 1994. At the time, Inmarsat was owned by the Inmarsat signatories represented in
Australia
by Telstra. Iridium was launched in
Australia
in 1998 and pioneered the first hand held satellite phone. The system was so advanced and costly that the system was shut down in 2000 after becoming bankrupt, however it was relaunched in March 2001.
Telstra has a unique Iridium agreement - being the only service provider globally to integrate the Iridium network into their own GSM network. This is a complex customisation called Iridium TMS. In May 2000, another hand held satellite phone system was launched, this time by Vodafone Globalstar. There was a change of ownership and name to Globalstar
Australia
in early 2003.
Since then the face of satellite telecommunications has been developing at a fast pace with consumers continually demanding faster, more reliable, and cost-effective voice and data services.
Types of Satellites
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Geostationary orbiting satellites (GEO)
A satellite in geostationary orbit (GEO), also referred to as geo-synchronous orbit (GSO) will appear to be in a fixed position in the sky to an Earth-based observer. It is in fact moving with the earth at the same speed, therefore completing one full revolution per day. This can happen because the satellite is positioned at 35,786 km directly above the Earth’s equator (0 degrees latitude), where it will follow the rotational path at a speed of 3.1 km per second. These rather large satellites need a lot of launch energy and they frequently need orbit control manoeuvres to keep it in geostationary orbit.
GEO satellites are quite ideal for direct radio and television broadcasting,
satellite TV
and meteorology because they require only one ground station for continuous coverage and the antennae does not have to move around. The satellite also offers a continuous view of a large area of the earth’s surface which is known as the satellite footprint. The downfalls to this type of satellite especially in regards to voice calls on satellite phones, is the noticeable delay of between 500 and 600 milliseconds. This is because the data signal needs to travel all the way up to the satellite and all the way back down to Earth. The satellite phone systems in
Australia
that use the GEO satellites are Optus MobileSat and Inmarsat.
Low-Earth orbiting satellites (LEO)
A satellite in Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) is much closer to Earth, usually at an altitude of between 380km and 800km. A satellite this close to the Earth must be accelerated to around 27,300km an hour just so the gravity of the Earth will not pull it back in. These speeds allow a satellite to circle the Earth every 100 minutes and sometimes you can see them with the naked eye because a lot of them emit
bright
flashes that are caused by reflections from the sun. These are known as satellite flares and can last up to 20 seconds. LEO orbiting satellites generally consist of a constellation of many satellites working together. Due to the fact they’re much closer to the Earth than GEO satellites, this makes them ideal for mobile
communications
. There can be some limitations with a satellite constellation that does not fully encompass the Earth and if this is the case, you may experience short ground contact periods which can be up to 10 minutes or less, depending on the pass and locations of the satellite. They can also experience eclipses which are satellite passages through the Earth’s shadow.
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What Others have Posted
Member - Dunworkin (WA) : 25 Sep 08 17:17
Fantastic overview Michelle, thanks for that, I am in the process o...
Fantastic overview Michelle, thanks for that, I am in the process of researching sat phones because of the major problems that we are having with out Globalstar, we bought it about 4 years ago and took it on the CSR and it was fantastic however, after that it has been downhill all the way and with two major incidents, one last year and one this last trip it is time to do something about it, unfortunately the cost of them is a problem so this time it has to be right. I have learnt a lot from this information, Thanks again
Deanna
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Latest: 26 Sep 08 08:21 Replies:
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RustyHelen : 25 Sep 08 08:56
Hi all Our 4WD Club has some specialist equipment which Members can...
Hi all
Our 4WD Club has some specialist equipment which Members can hire rather than go to the expense of purchasing for one off trips or the like. One of these items is a sat phone which we are looking at replacing and, rather than the Club own equipment, we are looking at doing a deal with a hirer so that Members have more access.
So, can anyone help with hirers of sat phones and PLB's in the Melbourne area? I have one in the Box Hill area but guess there will be a few more I should talk to.
Thanks in anticipation.
Rusty
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Member - Dunworkin (WA) : 22 Sep 08 11:53
I have just done a search of the Archives on these phones and from w...
I have just done a
search
of the Archives on these phones and from what I gather they may be available now, has anyone got one or know what the go is as far as availability is at present?
We took our Globalstar with us again and yes we still had major problems with it, we think that we have given them a good enough run and plenty of time (nearly three years) to get these phones up and running again, they are not so bad in the south of the country but get up in the Northern areas (where you need it) they are hopeless.
Thanks in advance
Cheers
D
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bilj : 1 Sep 08 17:08
want to know how to run satellite telephone on next g sim card for e...
want to know how to run satellite telephone on next g sim card for emergency use only
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Mary & Steve : 25 Aug 08 13:58
Excellent information. We are planning on travelling around oz in 0...
Excellent information. We are planning on travelling around oz in 09 we own a second hand Motorolla (brick type but works fine) Telstra want to put us on a plan min 24 months which is crazy as we will only be travelling for a 12 months (little one has to start school) and will only use in emergency only, are there any other options?
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